The Academic Staff Research Series AY2023/24 is a platform for UB based faculty to engage audiences with discussions on their current research interests. The presenters have all volunteered to represent their faculties or institutes. They chose their topic and style of presentation. The opinions they express are theirs, and not necessarily those of the University. Academic staff are defined as academic professionals who are responsible for planning, directing, supporting, or undertaking academic teaching and research within the HE (Higher Educational) institutions. They also include vice-Presidents, medical practitioners, and other health care professionals, laboratory and field technicians, and other qualified staff who may undertake lecturing or research activities.